Mushroom ki kheti - oyster, Dingaree, Shvet Duniya, Garma Batan Kaise kare

Mushroom Utpadan Vikas

Pracheen kaal se hi masharoom khane wale padaarth ke roop mein jaana jaata hai . Rigved mein masharoom ke mahatv ka varnan milata hai . bhaarat varsh ki adhikaansh aavaadee shakahari hai evm masharoom ka mahatv poshan ki drashti kon se bahut adhik hai , kyoki isme prachur maatra mein sharkara , vasa , vitaamins tatha khaanij tatv paaye jaate hain .

praacheen kaal se hi paushtik evm aushadheey gunon se bharapoor masharoom ek praakrtik pradatt upahaar hai .

aaj isaki vaigyaanik kheti bhaarat sahit vishv ke 100 se adhik deshon mein ki ja rahi hai vishv ka utpadan jahaan 5 million Ton hai bhaarat mein masharoom ka utpadan 50000 Ton hai . is utpadan mein batan masharoom ka utpadan 75 % hai . bihaar ka utpadan 25 Ton hai jo ki atyant kam hai .

Masharoom ki vibhinn prajatiyon mein batan masharoom , oyastar masharoom , paideestra masharoom , shvet doodhiya masharoom , ityaadi ka kheti bhaarat mein aavashyak star par ki ja rahi hai , bhaarat varsh mein vibhinn prakaar ka mausam hone se sheetoshn , uposhn tatha ushn sabhi prakaar ke masharoom ki kheti ki ja sakati hai .

Yadhapi any prakaar masharoom ugaane ke avasar vatan masharoom se adhik hain bihaar mein isaki kheti kaaphee vilamb se shuroo ki gayee. bihaar krashi vishvavidyaal , sabaur dwara kam laagat mein varsh bhar masharoom ki kheti ki takaneek vikasit ki gaayee hai isme oyastar masharoom ki kheti sitambar se maarch tak. garma masharoom ki kheti aprail se june tak paideestra evm shvet doodhiyaan masharoom aprail se sitambar tak kheti karane ki anusansa kiya gaya hai .

aaj ke badalate aarthik parivesh mein poshan evm aarthik suraksha hetu masharoom utpadan nitaant aavashyak hai , kyonki isaka utpadan krashi avasheshon par aadhaarit hai .

isake utpadan mein alp poonjee ki aavashyakta hoti hai.

Isake alaava masharoom utpadan rojagaar parak evm pradooshan rahit hai . masharoom ka avashesh bhi uttam khaad , varmeekampost athava pashu aahaar mein apayogee hota hai . in sab ke atirikt masharoom utpadan se masharoom ki vibhinn prajaatiyon ko sanrakshit bhi kiya ja sakata hai .

bihaar , dhaan evm gehoon utpadan mein ek pramukh raajy hai jisme bhoosa evm puaal ki ek badee maatra utpann hoti hai usaka hissahiupayog mein laaya jaata hain . parantu hissa barbaad hota hai . yadi poore puaal ya bhoose ka 10 % hissa masharoom utpadan mein prayog kiya jaay to bihaar ki pooree janasankhya saptaah mein ek din masharoom ka upayog kar sakati hai aur karodon roopaya raashtreey aay mein joda ja sakata hai .

bihaar ki jalavaayu bhi masharoom utpadan ke anukool hai . atah masharoom utpadan badhaane hetu isaki kheti ghar par karane hetu saral takaneek ka varnan kiya ja raha hai .

Mushroom-ki-kheti-oyster-Dingaree-Shvet-Duniya-Garma-Batan-Mushroom

Mushroom-Oyster, Dingaree, Shvet Duniya, Garma Batan.

Utpadan vidhi :

Dingaree mushroom ki kheti :

is prajati ka utpadan vibhinn krashi avasheshon par aasani se kiya ja sakata hai . parantu dhaan ka puaal evm gehoon ka bhoosa bihaar mein aasani se saste dar par varsh bhar upalabdh rahata hai . atah puaal ya bhoosa ko prayog mein laaya jaaye . puaal ko achchhee tarah se dava ( kaarbendaajim 10g + phaarmaleen 125ml + 100L paani ) ya garm jal mein ubaalakar upachaarit karane ke pashchaat pharsh par rakhakar thanda karen . taaki atirikt paani nikal jaaye athava haath se atirikt paani nichod kar nikaal diya jaaye . tatpashchaat 100g dalahanee phasal ka besan tatha 100g chokar prati Kg shushk puaal ke hisaab se tatha 200g masharoom ka beej prati Kg shushk puaal mein achchhee tarah se milaakar naeelaan jaalee ya poleetheen baig mein ya tre mein daalakar uchit sthaan par rakhen .

Batan mashroom ki kheti :

Masharoom ki is prajaati ki kheti praakrtik dhang se karane mein thodee see takaneeki samasya aati hai . kyonki isake liye kampost ( sabstret ) banaane ke liye takaneeki gyaan aavashyak hai .

Kampost taiyaar karana :

Puaal ki kutti ya gehoon ka bhoosa -5 kvintal , murgee ka khaad -2 kwintal , jipsam -20 kg , yooriya -10 kg . supar phosphet -10 kg , gyooret oph potaash -5 kg . kailshiyam kaarboneta 1 kg . kailshiyam salphet -1 Kg D.D.V.P-1L, kaarbendajim -50g , phaarmeleen -250ml.

Lambee vidhi :

Gehoon ke bhoose ya puaal ki kutti ko pakke pharsh par phailaakar paani mein bhigokar 48 ghante tak rakhen .
Ab bheege bhoose par urvarakon ki anushansit maatra bikher kar mila den ( jipsam ko chhodakar ) aur ek nishchit aakaar mein dher bana den .
Jipsam ko tisaree paltaai ke samay milaye .
Yadi puaal ki kutti se khaad banaee ja rahi hai to isme chauthe paltaai ke samay 1Kg binaule ki khallee . milaye .
Tatpashchaat kramashah 6 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 28 ven din pahalee se antim paltaai karen .
28 ven din khaad ki gunavatti ki jaanch karake bijaee karen .

Buai ki Teen vidhiyaan prachalit hai ―

spaan ki maatra - 500-750 gra . prati kvintal kampost hona chahiye .

Satah par buvai - baig ya tre ko kampost se bharane ke pashchaat 2 inch moti kampost baahar nikaal kar beej ko satah par chhidakaav karake haath se halka daba kar oopar se do inch moti kampost se dhank dena chahiye .
Tah mein buvai - is vidhi mein kampost bharane ke pashachaat 4 inch kampost beej ka chhidakaav karake haath se halka daba diya jaata hai . isake pashchaat punah 2 inch kampost se dhank kar doosare tah se beej ka chhidakaav karana chahiye . punah do inch kampost daalakar ant mein beej ka tisara tah satah par chhidakaav kiya jaay .

Poore kampost mein beej milaana - is vidhi mein beej ko sampoorn kampost mein milaakar tre ya polytheen baig mein bharate hai , yah vidhi suvidhaajanak hone ke kaaran aajakal kaaphee prachalit hai . beej ki buaee pashchaat haath se satah ko dabaakar baraabar karake beejaanu rahit akhabaar se dhakana aavashyak hai . baraabar namee banaaye rakhane ke liye akhabaar ke satah par paani ka chhidakaav karake namee banaaye rakhana chahiye . Is prakaar buvaee ke pashchaat 15-18 din tak utpadan grh ka taapakram 24 se 26 ℃ tatha aardrata 90 % hona chahiye . 18-20 din mein masharoom ka dhaaga ( maiseeliyam ) pooree satah dhak leta hai tab kesing karate hai aur jal ka chhidakaav karake 6 se 10 din tak ℃ par rakhen .

Kesing ( mrada aavaran chadhaana ) karana:

Beejai kiye gaye khaad mein kavakajaal ke phail jaane par oopar se anukool padaarth se dhakane ki kriya ko kesing karana kahate hain .
Kesing ke liye upayukt padaarth bageeche ki mitti ko baaloo ke saath 3 : 1 anupaat mein milaakar vyavahaar karen.
2 saal puraana sada gobar evm bageeche ki mitti ko baraabar - baraabar milaakar mishran taiyaar kar upayog mein laaye .
2 saal puraane gobar ka prayog karen .
2 saal puraane gobar , dhaan ke chhilake ki raakh evm baaloo 2 : 1 : 1 ke anupaat mein prayog karen.

Kesing karane ki vidhi :

dhele athava kankad ya ghaas - paat ya any cheejon ko nikaal den . bade chalane se chhaan kar svachchh pharsh athava polytheen par achchhee tarah phailaayen .
4 % phaarmeldeehaeed evm 0.2 % indosalphaan ke ghol dwara shodhit polytheen pannee se dhaken taaki gais baahar najaay .
Ise 48-72 ghante tak isee prakaar chhod den .
72 ghante baad pannee ko hataakar har doosare din 2-3 baar mishran ko achchhee tarah milaye .
Mutthee mein dabaakar namee ki jaanch kare len . ab beejaee ki khaad ke upar se pepar hataakar yah taiyaar mishran 2-3 cm motaee mein phaila kar bina dabaaye samatal kar len .
Achchhee tarah kavak jaal se dhakane ke baad 2 % phaarmeleen tatha 0.2 % mailaathiyaan ke ghol se ek din ke antar par chhidakaav kar akhabaar se dhak den .
10 din pashchaat kamare ka taapakram 14 se 18 ℃ . hona chahiye tab 7 din ke baad masharoom nikalana praarambh ho jaata hai . is samay aardrata 85-90 % aavashyak hai . atah jal ka chhidakaav aavashyakataanusaar karate rahana chahiye . phasal ki tudaee 4-5 baar 10 se 12 saptaah mein kiya sakata hai . is prakaar uparokt 14 se 18 ℃ taapakram hamen navambar maah se maarch maah tak aasani se praakrtik dhang se praapt hota hai . atah navambar se maarch tak isaki kheti ki ja sakati hai . dhyaan rahe kampost aktoobar mein banaaye , bijaee ( spaaning ) navambar ke pratham saptaah mein karen , kesing navambar ke antim saptaah mein karen . taaki disambar ke pratham saptaah se dvitiy saptaah mein masharoom praapt ho saken .

Garma batan mashroom ki kheti :

Is masharoom ki kheti ki vidhi evm khaad taiyaar karane ki prakriya batan masharoom ki tarah hai parantu utpadan ke samay mein antar hai .

Is prajaati ko utpadan hetu khaad sitambar mein taiyaar kar len tatha aktoobar ke pratham saptaah se lekar aktoobar ke antim saptaah mein bijaee karen . tatpashchat navambar se phasal praapt hone lagati hai . uchit namee banaaye rakhane ke liye baraabar jal ka halka chhidakaav karen .

Dhaan ke puaal ( paidee stra ) se mashroom ki kheti :

Is prajaati ka masharoom aprail se aktoobar tak praakrtik dhang se ugaaya ja sakata hai . kyonki is prajaati ke liye 32 se 38 ℃ tak taapakram tatha 80-90 % aardrata ki aavashyakata hoti hai . atah saamaany taur par kamare ka taapakram aprail se aktoobar tak 30 se 40 ℃ ke madhy hi rahata hai .

Dhaan ke khade puaal jisaki lambaee 50cm. tatha motaee 10ml 6 se 8 ghante tak paani se bhigone ke pashchaat svachchh jagah par rakhen taaki atirikt paani nikal jaay . ab in bandhe puaal ke bandalon ko ubalate paani mein 1/2 ghanta tak ubaalane ke pashchaat thanda karake punah atirikt paani nichodakar puaal ko utpadan grh mein aayataakaar dhang se bed banaate hai . sarvapratham 5 bandal agal - bagal rakhate hai . in bandalon par chokar tatha besan ka chhidakaav upar se masharoom beej ( spon ) ki buvaee karake 4 any vipareet sataakar agal - bagal rakhate hai aur chokar , besan tatha beej ka chhidakaav karate hai . is prakaar kul 10 bandal tak banaate hai aur buvaee karate hai . ab is bed ko polytheen se dhak dena chahiye tatha samay - samay par aavashyakataanusaar paani ka chhidakaav karate rahana chahiye . spaan ki buvaee ke 15 se 20 din ke pashchaat masharoom nikalana praarambh ho jaata hai jo agale 3 se 5 din mein todaee yogy ho jaata hai . masharoom todane ke pashchaat aavashyakataanusaar paani ka chhidakaav karake uchit aardrata tatha taapakram banaaye rakhane par 10 din

mein doosaree phasal nikalati hai . Is mashroom ki todaee ande ki aakaar avastha meinhikarana chahiye . topee khulane par phasal ki gunavatta prabhaavit hoti hai .

paidee stra masharoom ki kheti ki bhi vidhi kaaphee aasaan hai tatha vishesh kamara / jhopadee ya any kharcheelee saamagree ki aavashyakata nahin hoti hai . atah is prajaati ko utpadan chakr mein shaamil karake saalo bhar masharoom utpadan kiya ja sakata hai .

Shvet dudhiya mashroom ki kheti :

Shvet doodhiya masharoom dekhane mein doodh jaisa saphed lagata hai . jisake kaaran ise doodh - chhatta bhi kaha jaata hai . Taap sahishnu hone ke kaaran ise 30-38 is prajaati ki kheti dhaan ka puaal ya gehoon ke bhoosa par aasani se kiya ja sakata hai . svachchh , sookha aur taaja puaal lekar 3-5cm lambee kutti kaat len athava bhoose ko 8-10 ghante tak paani mein bhigokar rakhen . kutti ya bhoose ko garm paani se aadhe ghante tak upachaarit ( nirjeeveekaran ) karen ya bhaap dwara upachaarit karen . atirikt paani nichodakar sahee namee bana len . mej par ya svachchh pakke pharsh par athava polytheen vichhaakar kutti ya bhoose ko bikher kar 100g besan prati kigra puaal kutati bhoose ki dar se milaye ab kutti mein 4-5 % beej ( geelee kutti ke hisaab se ) milaaye . 60x65 se.mee. aakaar vaale polytheen thaile mein ise bhar den aur utpadan kaksh mein rakh den . samuchit namee banaaye rakhane ke liye deevaar evm pharsh par paani ka chhidakaav karen . beejaee ke 10-12 din baad sampoorn kutti kavaka jaal se dhak jaata hai . ab is kesing karate hai .

Kesing karana :

Kavak jaal se dhanke kutti par batan masharoom ki bhaanti kesing ka prayog karen . Kesing ke liye neeche varnit padaartho mein kisi bhi ek ka prayog kar sakate hai . do saal puraane sadhe gobar ka prayog karen .

Taiyaar kesing mrda dwara kavak jaal ko 2-3cm mota dhake evm 2 % pharmeldihaid evm 0.2 % mailaathiyaan ka chhidakaav karen tatpashchaat thaila ya tre ko utpadan grh mein rakhe .

Mashroom ki kheti mein avashyak sujhav :

taaja , shushk evm naya puaal kahiprayog karen bhinga , sada - gala yukt bhoosa ya puaal prayog mein na laayen.
Utpadan kaksh mein poornataya prakaash tatha vaayu ka prabandh avashy hon .
Shuddh evm taaja sthaan hi prayog mein laayen .
Choohe se poorn suraksha ki vyavastha karen .
Keprainas ( kaala masharoom ) ko haath se chun kar nasht karen . yadi adhik prakop ho to thaila utpadan kaksh se hataakar nasht karen .

Author B.Rathour

यह एक एडुकेशनल ब्लॉग है। जिसमें हम आपको प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं से सम्बंधित विभिन्न प्रकार की जानकारी तथा नोट्स PDF प्रदान करते हैं। साथ प्राथमिक शिक्षा (Elementry Education) अर्थात छोटे बच्चों को किस तरीके से पढ़ाया जाए और किस प्रकार उसका सर्वांगीण विकास होता है यह जानकारी प्रदान करते है।धन्यवाद।